David Beckham's commercial value has helped Real Madrid overtake Manchester United as the wealthiest club in the world, according to the authors of a new 'rich list'.
The Deloitte football money league shows that, in terms of revenue, Real have soared into the lead earning £186.2million - £20million more than United - in 2004-05.
By comparison United, who had topped the list for the previous eight years, saw their earnings drop from £171.5million to £166.4million after a couple of relatively-poor seasons on the field.
Dan Jones, partner in the sports business group at Deloitte, said Real had benefited hugely from expanding their commercial activities - and that Beckham's presence in the team alongside other star names had helped despite the club failing to win silverware.
He told PA Sport: "It's startling how successful Madrid, and to some extent Barcelona, have been in growing revenue, and over the last two years it has been about commercial growth and merchandising rather than matchday and broadcasting revenue.
"Beckham has been a major factor in that. You can't put a figure on his impact but there is no doubt having big-name players makes an impact and he's the most famous footballer in the world."
United are followed by AC Milan (£158million) and Juventus (£154.9million) in the list, both clubs having benefited by huge recent broadcasting deals, while Chelsea (£149.1million) have slipped a place to fifth.
Arsenal (£115.7million) have dropped from sixth to 10th place after failing to match their fabulous unbeaten season of 2003-04, while Liverpool's Champions League success saw the Reds rise from 10th to eighth, earning £122.4million.
The top-20 is entirely made up of European clubs, with English clubs occupying eight of the positions, Italian clubs five, three clubs from Spain, two from Germany, Celtic (£62.6million) from Scotland in 16th place and Lyon from France in 15th.
Newcastle (£87.1million) are 12th in the list, Tottenham (£70.6million) 13th, Manchester City (£60.9million) in 17th and Everton (£60million) 18th.